1.2.4 Truth in a Model

Definition of the notion true in a model for sentences.

We can now define what it means for a sentence to be true in a model :

A sentence is true in a model if and only if for any assignment of values to variables in , we have that:

If is true in we write:

This elegant definition of truth beautifully mirrors the special, self-contained nature of sentences. It's based on the following observation: It doesn't matter at all which variable assignment is used to compute the satisfaction of sentences. Sentences contain no free variables, so the only free variables we will encounter when evaluating one are those produced during the process of evaluating its quantified subformulae (if it has any). But the satisfaction definition tells us what to do with such free variables, namely, to try out variants of the current assignment and see whether they satisfy the matrix or not. In short, you may start with whatever assignment you like; the result will be the same. It is reasonably straightforward to make this informal argument precise, and the reader is asked to do so in Exercise 1.3.

But for all the elegance of the truth definition, it's still satisfaction that is the fundamental concept. Not only is satisfaction the technical engine powering the definition of truth, but from the perspective of natural language semantics it is conceptually prior as well. By rendering explicit the role of variable assignments, it holds up an (admittedly imperfect) mirror to the process of evaluating descriptions in situations while making use of contextual information.

In Exercise 1.4 you're asked to examine the relation between free variables and constants.


Aljoscha Burchardt, Stephan Walter, Alexander Koller, Michael Kohlhase, Patrick Blackburn and Johan Bos
Version 1.2.5 (20030212)